IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A 2-COMPONENT REGULATORY SYSTEM INVOLVED IN INVASION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS AND HEAVY-METAL RESISTANCE IN BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a dis ease increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mo rtality in many regions of the world, B. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of invading eukaryotic cells, We used Tn5-OT182 mutagenesis to generate mutants deficient in the ability to invade a human type II pneumocyte cell line (A549 cells), One of these mutants, AJ1D8, exhibited approximately 10% of the ability of the par ental strain, 1026b, to invade A549 cells. There was no difference in the abilities of 1026b and AJ1D8 to resist killing by RAW macrophages or the human defensin HNP-1, The nucleotide sequence flanking the Tn5- OT182 integration in AJ1D8 was determined, and two open reading frames were identified, The predicted proteins shared considerable homology with two-component regulatory systems involved in the regulation of he avy-metal resistance in other organisms. AJ1D8 was 16-fold more sensit ive to Cd2+ and twofold more sensitive to Zn2+ than was 1026b but was not sensitive to any of the other heavy metals examined, The B. pseudo mallei two-component regulatory system, termed irlRS, complemented the invasion-deficient and heavy-metal-sensitive phenotype of AJ1D8 in tr ans, There was no significant difference between the virulence of AJ1D 8 and that of 1026b in infant diabetic rats and Syrian hamsters, sugge sting that the irlRS locus is probably not a virulence determinant in these animal models of acute B. pseudomallei infection.