The observed statistical correlation between increase in women's outsi
de employment and decrease in birth rates has catapulted the demand fo
r increasing women's wage employment as a primary goal, not necessaril
y on its own merits, but as parr of the demographic drive to reduce fe
rtility. At what costs to women's welfare do such demographic outcomes
occur? The existing structural nature of women's work (domestic as we
ll as nondomestic) has severe built-in hazards for women's health (rep
roductive and otherwise) which no amount of first rare quality of care
and/or access to health services alone can deal with. Focusing on Tam
il Nadu, the author argues in addition that a demographic model state
need not necessarily be a reproductively safe place.