R. James et al., HYDROLASE (BETA-GLUCANASE, ALPHA-GLUCANASE, AND PROTEASE) ACTIVITY INARIOLIMAX-COLUMBIANUS (BANANA SLUG) AND ARION ATER (GARDEN SLUG), Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B. Comparative biochemistry, 118(2), 1997, pp. 275-283
Carboxymethylcellulase (cm-cellulase), cellulase, chitinase, amylase,
and protease enzymatic activity are found in the crop fluid and digest
ive gland of the pulmonate gastropods Ariolimax columbianus and Arion
ater. The beta-glucanases (cm-cellulase, cellulase and chitinase) and
alpha-glucanase (amylase) display acidic pH-activity optima (between p
H 5 and 7) on their respective substrates (cm-cellulose, microcrystall
ine cellulose, chitin and starch). Protease activity (upon casein) dis
plays a pH optimum of approximately 8.3. Comparative studies show high
er specific enzyme activity in Arion ater than in Arliolimax columbian
us for all five hydrolases studied. Incubation of the beta-glucanases
for variable times at 50 degrees C indicates significant differences i
n stability between Ariolimax columbianus and Arion ater for the beta-
glucanases (cm-cellulase, cellulase, and chitinase). Chromatography up
on Sephadex G-100 reveals enzyme heterogeneity for the beta-glucanases
in both species, with at least three enzyme components or complexes (
of differing molecular weight) for each species that can hydrolyze cm-
cellulase, cellulase, and chitinase. The beta-glucanases are apparentl
y selective and specific for their respective substrates, with some cm
-cellulase isozymes unable to digest native Cellulose and vice versa.
Preliminary evidence for the presence of cellulose digesting prokaryot
es in the crop fluid of Arion ater is presented. (C) 1991 Elsevier Sci
ence Inc.