SHORT-TERM METABOLIC AND HEMODYNAMIC-EFFECTS OF GR79236 IN NORMAL ANDFRUCTOSE-FED RATS

The adenosine (A1) receptor agonist, GR79236 (N-[(1S,trans)-2-hydroxyc yclopentyl]adenosine), inhibits catecholamine-induced lipolysis in vit ro, but the short-term metabolic and haemodynamic effects have not bee n previously reported in the fructose fed model of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. This study reports the effects of GR7 9236 (1 mg/kg/day for 8 days) on nonesterified free fatty acid and tri glyceride metabolism, oral and i.v. glucose tolerance, blood pressure and heart rate, and insulin sensitivity, in normal rats and rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. In normal rats, GR79236 significantly reduced fasting glucose (25%), free fatty acid (50%) and triglyceride (55%) c oncentrations, and improved glucose tolerance (AUC[glu] 21.2 +/- 1.3 v s. 16.5 +/- 1.1 mmol h/l, p < 0.05). Fructose feeding induced a state of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, as shown by an increase in st eady-state plasma glucose levels (7.1 vs. 6.1 mmol/l), impaired i.v. g lucose tolerance and a 3-fold rise in fasting triglyceride levels; fru ctose-fed rats also developed a significant increase in blood pressure . GR79236 ameliorated the effects of fructose feeding on fatty acid an d triglyceride levels, and blood pressure, and improved i.v. glucose t olerance in fructose-fed rats. The hypotriglyceridaemic effect was due to a reduction in triglyceride secretion rate (17.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 30.2 +/- 1.1). Thus, in normal rats and in a dietary-induced rodent model o f insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, GR79236 has lipi d-lowering and glucose-lowering activity, as well as haemodynamic effe cts, which are potentially useful for treating both the metabolic and haemodynamic features of insulin resistance and NIDDM in humans. (C) 1 997 Elsevier Science B.V.