Jp. Giroud et al., COMPARISON OF LEACHATE FLOW-THROUGH COMPACTED CLAY LINERS AND GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS IN LANDFILL LINER SYSTEMS, Geosynthetics international, 4(3-4), 1997, pp. 391-431
The purpose of this paper is to provide an approach for comparing the
effectiveness of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and compacted clay li
ners (CCLs) used in association with geomembranes to form composite li
ners. Comparing the effectiveness of these two types of composite line
rs is required in ''equivalency demonstrations'' intended to demonstra
te that a geomembrane-GCL composite liner is equivalent to a conventio
nal geomembrane-CCL liner prescribed by a regulation. In the first par
t of the paper, the contribution of the geomembrane is ignored and the
paper presents analytical evaluations of advective leachate flow thro
ugh GCLs, low-permeability soil layers (such as CCLs), and two-layer s
ystems including a GCL and a low-permeability soil layer. The analyses
presented explain why some calculations typically performed for landf
ill liner system design or for equivalency demonstrations lead to the
paradoxical result that the advective flow of leachate is greater when
a GCL is placed on a layer of low-permeability soil than when the GCL
is placed on a layer of high-permeability soil. The second part of th
e paper presents an analytical method for comparing the effectiveness
of a composite liner including a GCL and a composite liner including a
CCL. This analytical method enables design engineers to compare the e
ffectiveness of various composite liners without neglecting the benefi
cial effect of the geomembrane. A parametric study presented in the pa
per shows that neglecting the geomembrane liner in equivalency demonst
rations (which is frequently done in the current state of practice) pe
nalizes composite liners that incorporate a GCL.