Jp. Rhode et al., COMPLETE CHARACTERIZATION OF UTILIZATION-VOLTAGE POWER-SYSTEM IMPEDANCE USING WIDE-BAND MEASUREMENT, IEEE transactions on industry applications, 33(6), 1997, pp. 1472-1479
Inexpensive portable instrumentation is used to measure the impedance
of an example utilization-voltage power system, With the power system
in normal operation, line-to-neutral, line-to-ground, and neutral-to-g
round impedances are measured over a bandwidth of 20 Hz-24 kHz, The me
asured impedance is presented as resistance and inductance, which vary
with frequency, Based on the measurements, additional calculations ar
e performed to find the resistance and inductance of every conductor i
n the system, This complete wide-band characterization of power system
impedance provides valuable data for power quality calculations.