There appear to be unconditioned affective reactions to the four basic
tastes: liking for sweet and salt and disliking for sour and bitter.
We attempted to modify these reactions by pairing the tastes with calo
ries and with sweeter tastes. Differing sucrose concentrations were in
effective in reversing the preference for salt over citric acid or for
saccharin over quinine. We could, however, reverse the preference for
salt over citric acid, producing an actual preference for sour over s
alt, by using sucrose and saccharin as the reinforcers. The initial re
actions to tastes could also be modified by reducing the initial diffe
rence in affect produced by the tastes through mixing both tastes with
sucrose.