TEENAGE DRIVERS IN the United States have greatly elevated crash rates
, primarily a result of qualities associated with immaturity and lack
of driving experience. State licensing systems vary substantially, but
most have allowed quick and easy access to driving with full privileg
es at a young age, contributing to the crash problem. Formal driver ed
ucation has not been an effective crash prevention measure. Following
the introduction of graduated licensing in New Zealand, Australia, and
Canada this system has been considered in many states and has been im
plemented in some. Graduated systems phase in full privilege driving,
requiring initial experience to be gained under conditions of lower ri
sk The author describes the first five multistage graduated systems en
acted in the United States in 1996 and 1997. Factors that will influen
ce the acceptability and effectiveness of these new licensing systems
are discussed.