Gl. Lunin et al., STATUS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANTS WITH WWER IN RUSSIA, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 173(1-3), 1997, pp. 43-57
Nuclear electricity production in some European countries is based par
tially or wholly on NPPs with water-cooled water-moderated power react
ors (WWERs) of Soviet design. Although only about a quarter of all the
WWER units are in operation now in Russia? the country remains respon
sible, to a certain degree, for supporting the vitality of this well-p
roven line and its further development. Research work is consecutively
carried out and measures are taken in the WWER-based NPPs to improve
their safety and cost-effectiveness indices. Nearly constructed WWER-1
000/320 units are expected to be commissioned in the Kalinin and Rosto
v NPPs in the coming years. A new generation of NPPs extensively using
passive safety systems are at the final stage of development and are
due to be started up after the year 2000. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.
A.