Mj. Lee et al., PROPERTIES OF MN-DOPED BATI4O9-ZNO-TA2O5 CERAMICS .2. DEFECT CHEMICALRELATIONS, Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics, 6(3), 1995, pp. 173-177
By means of Scanning Auger Electron Spectroscopy (SAES), the presence
of Ti3+ ions in BaTi4O9-ZnO-Ta2O5 ceramics sintered in air was observe
d directly. The doublet peak structures of titanium near the 416 eV au
ger peak were used to identify the valence state of titanium. Correlat
ion between the microwave dielectric loss and the concentration of Ti3
+ ions is discussed. Also, the quasi-chemical defect equations for the
stabilization of Ti3+ ions in BaTi4O9-Ta2O5 ceramics are presented.