CHILDREN WITH IN-UTERO COCAINE EXPOSURE DO NOT DIFFER FROM CONTROL SUBJECTS ON INTELLIGENCE-TESTING

Objective: To determine if in utero cocaine exposure affects IQ scores in children at age 4 years. Design: A prospective, longitudinal evalu ation by blinded examiners of the IQ scores of cocaine-exposed and con trol children of low socioeconomic status who have been observed since birth. Setting: A study center in an inner-city hospital. Participant s: One hundred one children with in utero cocaine exposure and 118 con trol children, all of whom were 34 weeks' gestational age or older and nonasphyxiated at birth. Main Outcome Measure: Intelligence quotient scores on a standardized intelligence test, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised. Results: Seventy-one cocaine-e xposed and 78 control children were administered the Wechsler Preschoo l and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised. Maternal, natal, and 30-m onth characteristics of the children tested did not differ from those not tested. Groups did not differ on mean Performance (83.2 vs 87.0), Verbal (79.0 vs 80.8), or Full Scale (79.0 vs 81.9) IQ scores (all P g reater than or equal to.10 [values for cocaine-exposed children given first]). None of these 3 scores was associated with cocaine exposure i n multivariate linear regressions. Although cocaine-exposed and contro l groups did not differ in outcome, 93% of cocaine-exposed and 96% of control children had Full Scale IQ scores below 100, the mean IQ score for the test. Conclusions: In an inner-city cohort, IQ scores did not differ between cocaine-exposed and control children. However, both gr oups performed poorly.