Jk. Zhao et al., PROGRESSIVE CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES IN THE CGMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE STUDIED BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING IN SOLUTION, The Journal of biological chemistry, 272(50), 1997, pp. 31929-31936
Small angle scattering data from bovine lung type I alpha cGRSP-depend
ent protein kinase (PKG) in the absence of cGMP show the protein to ha
ve a highly asymmetric structure with a radius of gyration (R-g) of 45
Angstrom and a maximum linear dimension (d(max)) of 165 Angstrom. The
addition of cGMP induces a marked conformational change in PKG. The R
-g and d(max) increase 25-30%, and the protein's mass moves further aw
ay from the center of mass; this results in an even more asymmetric st
ructure, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data suggest that the
conformational change induced by cGMP binding is primarily due to a t
opographical movement of the structural domains of PKG rather than to
secondary structural changes within one or more of the individual doma
ins. Each monomer of the dimeric PKG contains one high and one low aff
inity cGMP-binding site. A prominent increase in the asymmetry of PKG
occurs with binding to high affinity cGMP-binding sites alone, but the
full domain movements require the binding to both sets of sites, Thes
e conformational changes occurring in PKG with the progressive binding
of cGMP to both sets of cGMP-binding sites correlate with past data,
which have indicated that cGMP binding to both sets of sites is requir
ed for the fall activation of the enzyme, These results provide the fi
rst quantitative measurement of the overall PKG structure, as well as
an assessment of the structural events that accompany the activation o
f a protein kinase upon binding a small molecular weight ligand.