The preponderance of recent satisfaction research focuses on things th
at cause satisfaction. Measurement articles addressing the precise con
ceptualization of consumer satisfaction are more than a decade old. In
that time, many advances ill analytical approaches used to delineate
and operationalize latent constructs have been made. The research pres
ented here uses advances in both satisfaction research and measurement
theory to provide a more precise view of consumer satisfaction and di
ssatisfaction than has been previously offered. While some researchers
have used indicators that, arguably, lack face validity due to contam
ination of other closely related constructs, the conceptualization off
ered here maximizes face validity and is more true to the nature of re
flective indicators of latent constructs. Additionally, the possibilit
y of distinct satisfaction and dissatisfaction constructs is investiga
ted. (C) 1998 Elsevier-Science Inc.