REPRESENTATION, VIRTUE AND POLITICAL JEALOUSY IN THE BRUTUS-PUBLIUS DIALOGUE

This article presents both circumstantial and textual evidence for a r eading of the tenth Federalist in dialogue with the first Essay of the Anti-Federalist Brutus. This evidence strongly suggests that Madison was particularly. concerned with refuting Brutus's theory of represent ation while writing his most famous essay. When read in this contest, it becomes apparent that ''virtue.'' especially the ''virtue'' of repr esentatives, plays a much greater role in the arguments of the Federal ist than is usually assumed, and that the ''political jealousy'' that characterizes some Federalist essays, especially No. 51, is in tension with these arguments that rely on ''virtue.'' This interpretation of the tenth Federalist in dialogue with Brutus thus refocuses attention on the gulf separating Madison's contributions to the Federalist from our own time and democratic ideals.