EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION PROXIMITY IN FEMALE AND MALE-STUDENTS

In recent years there has been a tendency for female students at Oxfor d and Cambridge to be awarded lower degree classifications than male s tudents. One possibility is that the tendency is linked to differences in the extent to which females and males conform to a confident rathe r than a cautious style of presentation in academic work. The present study focused on levels of anxiety (and other emotions) and imagery am ong female and male students who were either close to or relatively di stant from their next examinations. It was found that both gender and examination proximity were associated with significant effects upon bo th anxiety and imagery. Significantly higher levels of anxiety were re corded for female than for male students, and analysis of covariance p ointed to the importance of anxieties specifically concerning examinat ion and grading. Levels of examination anxiety and general short-term anxiety were significantly higher when close to an examination for bot h females and males. Levels of imagery were found to be determined by a significant interaction between gender and examination proximity. Fo r female students, but not male students, significantly more imagery f or examination items relative to neutral ones was reported when close to examinations than when distant from examinations. The implications of these results with regard to gender differences in degree classific ation are discussed.