M. Spaeth et al., CONFORMATION AND ROTATION BARRIERS OF SUB STITUTED GLYOXYLIC-ACID AMIDES, Journal fur praktische Chemie, Chemiker-Zeitung, 339(3), 1997, pp. 243-249
Semiempirical calculations predict an orthogonal orientation of the ca
rbonyl groups in tertiary glyoxylic acid amides, which is in good agre
ement with an X-ray structure analysis of 5. Due to the influence of t
he a-carbonyl group, the rotation barrier in the substituted glyoxylic
acid amides 2a-d, 3a, 3b, and 4-6 (Delta G(c)(#)=84-92 kJ mol(-1)) is
about 10 kJ/mol higher than in simple acid amides, as was found by dy
namic NMR line shape analysis.