Using recent theoretical advances and an extensive panel data set on m
etropolitan areas, this study provides new tests of the contingent cla
ims based model of default. The empirical modeling incorporates a full
complement of variables that permit direct tests of the options-based
model including the conditional effects of age and rent-to-price rati
os. The role of transaction costs and trigger events is examined, and
the results confirm the importance of both. The effects of aggregation
and short sample periods are explored and demonstrated to affect infe
rence in studies of mortgage default.