MODERN USE OF CLOMIPHENE CITRATE IN INDUCTION OF OVULATION

Clomiphene citrate is the treatment of first choice in the management of infertility in normally oestrogenized, anovulatory women (WHO group II). The majority of women with 'pure' anovulatory infertility respon d to treatment with clomiphene citrate. The rates of pregnancy and mis carriage are close to those expected in a normal fertile population. B asal hormone concentrations do not predict outcome. An increased body mass index is the only factor which is consistently associated with a decreased response to clomiphene citrate; it follows therefore, that w eight reduction should be an important part of therapy in anovulatory women. According to our data, only an increased luteinizing hormone va lue immediately post clomiphene citrate predicted an adverse pregnancy outcome in women who conceived. Clomiphene citrate, along with other ovulation induction therapies, can cause multiple follicular developme nt, with a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancy. Ul trasound monitoring of treatment is important in order to choose the a ppropriate dose of clomiphene citrate in subsequent cycles and to mini mize the risks of hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancy. When couple s with other factors contributing to subfertility are excluded, the cu mulative conception rate continues to rise after 6 months of treatment with clomiphene citrate, reaches a plateau by treatment cycle 12 and approaches that of the normal population. It has been reported that pr olonged use of clomiphene citrate mag be associated with an increased risk of a borderline or invasive ovarian tumour. Taking into considera tion these observations, we recommend that anovulatory women responsiv e to clomiphene citrate should be treated for at least 6 cycles before considering more complex or invasive methods of ovulation induction, and that treatment should probably be limited to a maximum of 12 cycle s.