An Abyssinian cat presented with epistaxis, melaena and retinal vascul
ar changes. Plasma protein levels were markedly elevated and a monoclo
nal gammopathy was present on serum protein electrophoresis. Based on
these laboratory findings, hyperviscosity syndrome was assumed to be r
esponsible for the clinical signs. The cat responded initially to flui
d therapy, but relapsed and then developed unilateral exophthalmia. Th
e animal was euthanased and an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the righ
t orbit was diagnosed at postmortem examination.