After referring to some relevant quantitative data concerning childles
sness in the Federal Republic of Germany, a portrait of voluntarily ch
ildless couples is presented. The portrait is based on a group of 18 n
ewly-wed couples which, in a comprehensive longitudinal study, was com
pared to several groups of young couples with a more or less positive
or ambivalent motivation for parenthood. The findings attest to a spec
ific profile of voluntarily childless coupling concerning such aspects
as personality, marital relations, parenting competence, family of or
igin relations, lifestyle and parenthood decision making. There are no
indications of a general anti-child orientation of these couples. Rat
her, it seems that their decision was based on an attitude of ''respon
sible non-parent-hood''. Despite a growing number of women who will ne
ver have children in their life, the proportion of married couples fav
oring a childless lifestyle is expected to remain small.