This paper reviews the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the establish
ment and maintenance of surface membrane structure and function in all
epithelial cells. It describes in detail certain interactions between
the actin cytoskeleton and the surface membrane. Recent studies show
that ischemia and/or ATP depletion will rapidly disrupt the actin cyto
skeleton, an important event in ischemia-induced cell injury. Finally,
the review examines specific functional and structural interactions b
etween the actin cytoskeleton and the surface membrane.