PARENTAL AND NOVEL COPIES OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL ORF25 GENE IN THE HYBRID CROP-PLANT TRITICALE - PREDOMINANT TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION OF THE MATERNAL GENE COPY

Triticale, an intergeneric hybrid crop-plant, is generated when female wheat lines are fertilised with pollen from rye, We have investigated the mitochondrial DNA organisation and the expression of a total of 1 1 different triticale genotypes, varying in their nuclear and cytoplas mic backgrounds. In Southern hybridisations using probes homologous to the upstream flanking sequences, mtDNA fragments characteristic of bo th wheat and rye mtDNA can be detected in all triticale lines analysed . In addition, clones isolated fom a triticale lambda library exhibit either a maternal-like or paternal-like organisation of the orf25 gene region, By PCR cloning, four different orf25 gene copies were identif ied in triticale, three of which correspond to maternal (85%) or pater nal (12%) orf25 sequences. Three percent of all clones represent a nov el type, that might have arisen by homologous recombination. Although these data suggest biparental inheritance of mtDNA in wheat/rye crosse s, paternal-like gene copies can also be detected in maternal wheat mi tochondria. Their stoichiometry as assayed by competitive PCR is about 0.1 % of total orf25 gene copies. The high abundance of paternal-like sequences in the F-1 hybrid might therefore be due to either the tran smission of rye mtDNA in the intergeneric cross and/or the amplificati on of sequences in triticale that persist in sub-stoichiometric amount s in wheat. These data suggest that amplification and recombination of sub-genomic mitochondrial molecules are affected by different nuclear genotypes. Interestingly, sequence analysis of triticale RT-PCR clone s indicates a selective transcription of maternal-like orf25 gene copi es in triticale. Mitochondrial gene expression may therefore possess m echanisms to compensate for the variation of mtDNA organisation.