Ah. Paxton et al., DAMAGE FROM PROTON IRRADIATION OF VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, IEEE transactions on nuclear science, 44(6), 1997, pp. 1893-1897
Damage resulting from irradiating oxide-confined vertical-cavity surfa
ce-emitting lasers became significant (threshold shift approximate to
20%, peak power degradation approximate to 20%) at fluence levels appr
oaching 1 x 10(13) protons/cm(2). The threshold current shifted to hig
her values, and the peak light output power decreased. Forward-current
annealing led to partial recovery of the performance of two of the th
ree lasers for which annealing was attempted. Recent results[1-3] on p
roton-implanted devices are summarized in a table.