The midwife needs to be aware of current guidelines for nutritional mo
nitoring, including those in Healthy People 2000, to provide primary c
are screening for nutritional factors that affect the health status of
women. This article reviews the relationship between dietary habits a
nd specific health concerns, including cardiovascular disease, obesity
, osteoporosis, cancer, and diabetes; special attention is paid to hig
h-risk groups. It also examines the relationship between improved nutr
itional status and the reduction of the major causes of morbidity in w
omen. (C) 1997 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.