PLACEBO - THE FORGOTTEN DRUG

The placebo effect is seen in patients who have been the target of int ervention believed to lack specific action. This effect seems to be an important, and possibly the only, contribution to the positive effect of alternative medicine sometimes reported. The risks involved in the uncritical utilization of the placebo effect are, however, great and must be carefully considered. Most of the information available on thi s effect has been obtained from double-blind studies in connection wit h the introduction of new drugs. Depending on the kind of effect that is expected, improvements of up to 30% or more can be noted. Many atte mpts have been made to explain the nature of the placebo effect. Thus it has been suggested that a placebo acts by decreasing anxiety. Anoth er explanation is that a placebo acts by meeting the expectations of t he patient. It has also been proposed that the human placebo response has characteristics of a conditioned response.