Studies of the nasal permeation of small molecules (<1000 Da) have yie
lded important information about the integrity of the human airway muc
osa in health and disease. In this study, we used a much larger tracer
molecule, polysucrose (PS) 15 000 (approx. 14 700 Da), to predict the
mucosal permeation of inhalational allergens. PS 15 000 (50 mg/ml; 15
ml), with or without a detergent type of permeation enhancer (dioctyl
sodium sulfosuccinate 10 mg/ml), was maintained for 15 min in one nas
al cavity of 12 healthy nonatopic subjects by employment of a nasal-po
ol device. Permeation as determined by the 24-h urine recovery of PS (
micro-ELISA analysis assay) was expressed as percentage of nasal insti
llate. Mean baseline permeation was 0.044% (range 0.009-0.250%). In th
e presence of the detergent, permeation increased to 0.600% (range 0.0
07-2.260%) (P<0.01). After oral intake of 750 mg of PS 15 000 (50 mu g
/ml; 15 ml), the 24-h urinary recovery was 0.013% (range 0.004-0.023%)
. Our study thus demonstrates a measurable baseline permeation of PS 1
5 000, an elevated permeation rate in the presence of an epithelium-da
maging detergent molecule, and a negligible permeation by the oral rou
te. These properties support the utility of PS 15 000 as a nasal airwa
y permeation tracer. Its size further suggests that its permeation may
reflect mucosal perviousness to many allergens.