Sydenham's chorea (SC) is a disorder of the central nervous system (CN
S) characterized by sudden, involuntary, arrhythmic, clonic, and purpo
seless movements. SC appears to provide a model for understanding vari
ous neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Its relationship with attentional d
eficits, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) as well as movement disor
ders provides support for the hypothesis of the involvement of the cor
ticostriatal loops in the pathophysiology of the disorder.