The need for models with dynamic structure is discussed. The differenc
es between traditional models and models with dynamic structure is rev
iewed. Several goal functions have been briefly reviewed, while exergy
, most widely used up to now in structural dynamic models, is presente
d and used for the case studies of the projects discussed in this spec
ial issue. The theoretical background of the application of exergy as
goal function is presented. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.