Although rainfall in Italy is one of the most abundant in Europe (1,00
0 mm/y), it is insufficient, especially in the south where it is seaso
nal. At present, the water supply meets 86% of the requirement in the
north but only 30% in the south. Water in Italy is highly subsidized s
o the cost is very low compared to other countries in Europe, which al
lows for only restricted improvements in the water supply system. With
improved management and more realistic prices, new technologies for w
ater production-especially membrane processes-could be affordable.