We review several topics of interest in the study of 4d N=1 supersymme
tric compactifications of the heterotic string. After a brief introduc
tion to the construction of such models, our focus is on the novel phy
sics which occurs at singularities in the moduli space of vacua. Among
the phenomena we discuss are nonperturbative superpotentials, dynamic
al generation of poles in various low-energy couplings, and phase tran
sitions which change the net number of chiral generations.