This article examines practical methods which can assist the applicati
on of the environmental entitlements approach to field-based situation
s. It introduces a 'toolbox' of methods relevant to likelihood analysi
s, environmental analysis and institutional analysis, and illustrates
how they can be combined in innovative sequences to explore particular
themes. Understanding complexity diversity and dynamism is best achei
ved by combining multiple methods, and needs careful attention to samp
ling, scale and research setting. In the context of inevitable dilemma
s about the relationship between research, participation and action, t
he environmental entitlements approach could, the article suggests, be
applied within a variety of modes from more 'extractive' to more 'act
ivist', depending on objectives and circumstances.