PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BIOREMEDIATION - SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, IN-SITU TREATMENTS AND COMMERCIAL MICROORGANISMS CURRENTLY USED

The sampling and analytical methods, along with available microorganis ms, used for in situ hydrocarbon bioremediation are reviewed. Each tre atment method is briefly described and its advantages and limitations pertaining to potential applications are evaluated. Bioremediation pro vides cost-effective, contaminant-and substrate-specific treatments eq ually successful in reducing the concentrations of single compounds or mixtures of biodegradable materials. In situ treatments rarely yield undesirable byproducts, but precautions and preliminary baseline tests are always recommended. Sampling methods should adhere to good labora tory and field practices and usually do not require highly trained per sonnel. Analytical methods vary in sensitivity, cost, duration of samp le analysis and personnel training required. Voucher specimens of bact erial strains used in bioremediation exist in various repositories (e. g. ATCC, DSM, etc.) or are commercially available, and are usually cov ered by patent rights. Each one of these strains may yield spectacular results in vitro for specific target compounds. However, the overall success of such strains in treating a wide range of contaminants in si tu remains limited. The reintroduction of indigenous microorganisms is olated from the contaminated site after culturing seems to be a highly effective bioremediation method, especially when microorganism growth is supplemented by oxygen and fertilizers.