A trickling filter for iron removal from potable water has been constr
ucted and tested. Iron removal was found to be caused by both biologic
al and physico-chemical iron oxidation. The extent of each oxidation t
ype was assessed. in addition, iron concentration profiles were taken
along the filter depth, for both biological and physico-chemical iron
oxidation, under the same operating conditions. Significant quantities
of iron precipitated, mandating a periodic filter backwash. The possi
ble duration of the filter operating cycles was studied as a function
of the inlet iron concentration and. the volumetric Bow-rate. The limi
ts of feed iron concentration and hydraulic loadings on the filter wer
e determined and appropriate operating diagrams were constructed. (C)
1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.