Rg. Holmberg et Jc. Cokendolpher, RE-DESCRIPTION OF TOGWOTEEUS BICEPS (ARACHNIDA, OPILIONES, SCLEROSOMATIDAE) WITH NOTES ON ITS MORPHOLOGY, KARYOLOGY AND PHENOLOGY, The Journal of arachnology, 25(3), 1997, pp. 229-244
The harvestman genus Togwoteeus Roewer 1952 is monotypic. Its only spe
cies, T. biceps (Thorell 1877), is known from throughout western Canad
a and USA and is newly recorded from California, Nebraska, Nevada, Ore
gon, South Dakota, and Utah. This species occurs below 500 m and at th
e highest elevation (4100 m) of any recorded harvestman in North Ameri
ca. It ranges from about 33-54 degrees N and exhibits considerable var
iation in its morphological measurements. Twenty-seven such measuremen
ts are summarized for 80 males and 74 females. Ultrastructural details
of the integument, appendages and genital organs are presented. The k
aryotype is 2n = 22 for both sexes. All chromosomes are metacentric an
d obvious sex chromosomes were not detected. Immature T. biceps overwi
nter and reach adulthood in late spring or early summer. Adults die by
late fall.