MODERATE WINE CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED ODDS OF DEVELOPING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN NHANES-1

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between alcohol intake and the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN: Ca se control study. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 3072 adults 45 to 74 years of age with macular changes indicative of AMD who partici pated in a nationally representative sample of the first National Heal th Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES-1) between 1971 and 1975: (a) the ophthalmology data set and (b) the medical history questionnai re. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Alcohol intake and the risk of developing A MD were measured. AMD was determined by staff at the National Eye Inst itute by fundoscopy examination using standardized protocol. RESULTS: Overall, 184 individuals (6%) had AMD. We observed a statistically sig nificant but negative association between AMD and the type of alcohol consumed in a bivariate model (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.73, 0.99). In the sam e model, age maintained a consistently strong association with AMD (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06-1.11; P < .001). Among the different types of alcoh ol consumed in NHANES-1 (beer, wine, and liquor), the effect of wine, either alone (OR 0.66; 95 % CI 0.55-0.79) or in combination with beer (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.55-0.79) or liquor (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63-0.86), dom inated the negative association observed between AMD and alcohol type. Additionally, a statistically significant and negative association be tween wine and AMD was noted after adjusting for the effect of age, ge nder, income, history of congestive heart failure, and hypertension (O R 0.81; 95% CI 0.67-0.99). CONCLUSION: Moderate wine consumption is as sociated with decreased odds of developing AMD. Health promotion and d isease prevention activities directed at cardiovascular disease may he lp reduce the rate of AMD-associated blindness among older people. The nature and pathophysiology of this association warrant further invest igation.