H. Tanaka et al., CONVERSION OF CEPHEM INTO PENAM PENEM THROUGH SEQUENTIAL RING-OPENING/RECYCLIZATION IN AN AL/BICL3/ALCL3 SYSTEM/, Chemistry Letters, (12), 1997, pp. 1221-1222
A sequential reductive ring-opening/recyclization reaction of 3-substi
tuted Delta(3)-cephems into 2-exo-methylenepenams and/or 2-methylpenem
s was successfully performed by treatment with Al/BiCl3/AlCl3 in NMP (
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone). When the reaction was carried out in methan
ol, 3-norcephalosporin was formed as a major product.