Ap. Craig et al., A COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, AND CHLOROFLUOROCARBON OBSERVATIONS WITH RESULTS FROM A 1-DEGREES RESOLUTION 3-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL, J GEO RES-O, 103(C1), 1998, pp. 1099-1119
We describe the ability of a moderate-resolution global ocean model to
simulate the general circulation and the ocean-atmosphere exchange an
d redistribution of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The model was spun up
from climatological initial conditions and has been integrated for dec
ades representing 1930 to the present. Climatological monthly mean win
ds were imposed during the spin-up and first 50 years of the integrati
on, From 1980, monthly mean European Centre for Medium-Range Weather F
orecasts (ECMWF) wind stress fields were used. We compare model result
s to cruise data and to long-term mean observations and find good qual
itative agreement in most areas. Overall, the model agrees reasonably
well in regions where measurable CFCs have. been observed, and the lar
ge-scale model ventilation pathways appear realistic. One of the most
conspicuous shortcomings is the small volume of Antarctic Intermediate
Water in the model results. This leads to errors in the general water
mass structure and in CFC concentrations in the model in other region
s. Notable CFC differences are found in regions where deep water masse
s are formed and in the upper subtropical gyre regions in which the Ku
roshio extension exists. The model oceanic CFC sink represents <1% of
all CFCs produced since 1930 and is small relative to the stratospheri
c sink for these compounds.