THE TIME-COURSE OF GRAPHIC, PHONOLOGICAL, AND SEMANTIC ACTIVATION IN CHINESE CHARACTER IDENTIFICATION

In reading, lexical form-form relations may be more reliable than form -meaning relations. Accordingly, phonological forms (activated by grap hic forms) become actual constituents, rather than addenda, of word id entification. These considerations suggest that access to phonological forms can precede meaning access in single-word reading in many circu mstances. The time course of form and meaning activation during Chines e word reading was tested in 2 primed-naming experiments varying prime type and prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The results sh owed a sequence of facilitation over SOA: (a) graphic, (b) phonologica l, (c) semantic. Words with precise meanings produced more rapid seman tic priming than words with vague meanings. Graphic prime facilitation at a 43-ms SOA gave way to inhibition at longer SOAs. The onset of gr aphic inhibition coincided with the onset of phonological facilitation , suggesting a single identification moment. The authors describe an i nteractive constituency model that accounts for the pattern of data.