RESULTS AFTER SURGERY IN UNDIFFERENTIATED LARGE-CELL CARCINOMA OF THELUNG - THE ROLE OF NEUROENDOCRINE EXPRESSION

Objective: The objective of this study was to define the incidence of light microscopically undifferentiated large cell carcinomas, to analy ze tumor stages, types of resections necessary and postsurgical surviv al. Additionally rye tried to evaluate whether or not neuroendocrine e xpression influences the biological behavior of these tumors. Methods: Light microscopic specimens of 105 patients having undergone surgery for undifferentiated large cell carcinoma were reviewed following the 1981 WHO criteria. Fifty eight cases were excluded because elements of adeno-or squamous cell carcinoma. neuroendocrine or combined patterns of histological differentiation were observed. The remaining 47 cases of pure undifferentiated large cell carcinoma were evaluated immunohi stochemically for neuroendocrine differentiation using a combination o f the markers neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin A. The hospital charts of the patients were analyzed retrospectively r ecording tumor stage, operative procedure, postoperative complications , postoperative adjuvant treatment procedures, actual tumor state and survival time. Results: Thirteen patients (27.7%) had postsurgical tum or stage I, 5 (10.6%) stage II. 15 (31.9%) stage IIIA, 9 (19.1%) stage IIIB, and 5 (10.6%) stage IV. In 46 of 47 patients resections of lung parenchyma were performed (wedge resection n = 5, segmental resection n = 1, lobectomy n = 27, bilobectomy n = 3, pneumonectomy n = 10), in 6 patients combined with broncho- and/or angioplastic procedures. At the time of chart review 20 (42.5%) patients were still alive. The cau se of death in the remaining patients was recurrent lung cancer in the majority of cases (24 or 92.3%). The overall mean survival of the 46 patients undergoing parenchymal resections was 19 months, the 3-year s urvival rate 31.7%. The immunohistochemical examination demonstrated e xpression of neuron specific enolase in 15 cases. Synaptophysin and ch romogranin A were not detected in any case. For these 15 patients the mean survival was 25.6 months (+/-4.3) and the 1-year survival rate 67 % (confidence interval 43-91%) compared to 13.8 (+/-2.1) months and 33 .5% (confidence interval 15.3-51.7%) in the remainder. The difference was not significant (P = 0.06). Conclusions: The light microscopic dia gnosis of undifferentiated large cell carcinoma revealed to be subject to considerable interobserver variability. Undifferentiated large cel l carcinoma rakes a more unfavorable clinical course than other non-sm all cell carcinomas. Despite lack of statistical significance, express ion of neuron specific enolase appeared to be associated with less agg ressive biological behavior of the respective neoplasms. Immunohistoch emical evaluation of undifferentiated large cell carcinomas using a co mbination of neuron specific enolase, chromogranin A, and synaptophysi n did not provide more therapeutically relevant information than that obtained by light microscopic assessment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B. V.