Biological invasions are a major global environmental and economic pro
blem. Analysis of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem revealed a
large number of exotic species that dominate many habitats in terms o
f number of species, number of individuals and biomass, and a high and
accelerating rate of invasion. These factors suggest that this may be
the most invaded estuary in the world. Possible causes include a larg
e number and variety of transport vectors, a depauperate native biota,
and extensive natural and anthropogenic disturbance.