Rw. Mcgowan et al., CULTURAL-EFFECTS - AFFECTS FOLLOWING RUMINATIONS ON SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN SPORTS, Perceptual and motor skills, 85(3), 1997, pp. 1339-1343
Affect following ruminations of success and failure in sport was exami
ned for cultural effects. 66 African-American and 84 Native West Afric
an athletes completed questionnaires following ruminations about their
most successful athletic experience, and again following ruminations
about their worst failure. Analysis suggested that affect following ru
minations of successful experiences was more positive than those follo
wing failure. Cultural differences were noted in the affective respons
es following ruminations of success. African athletes tended to be mor
e positive in general and self-related affect following ruminations of
success and slightly more negative following ruminations of failure t
han American athletes.