INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT - HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONTEMPORARYDEVELOPMENTS

Twenty five years after its first enunciation, IPM is recognized as on e of the most robust constructs to arise in the agricultural sciences during the second half of the twentieth century. The history of IPM, h owever, can be traced back to the late 1800s when ecology was identifi ed as the foundation for scientific plant protection. That history, si nce the advent of modern organosynthetic pesticides, acquired elements of drama, intrigue, jealousy, and controversy that mark the path of m any great scientific or technological achievements. Evolution of IPM f ollowed multiple paths in several countries and reached beyond the con fines of entomological sciences. Time and space constraints, however, bias this review toward entomology, among the plant protection science s, and give it an obvious US slant, despite the global impact of IPM.