SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS UNDER MAGNETIC-FIE LD AND MAGNETIC CONTROL OF GAS-FLOW AND COMBUSTION

Magnetohydrodynamic effects have been widely used in the area of elect romagnetic processing of materials. However, there have been few studi es about the phenomena caused by another kind of magnetic force: F=1/2 chi.grad integral H(2)dV (chi: volume magnetic susceptibility, H: mag netic strength). This review introduces the new kind of magnetic effec ts. Recently, magnetic attractive force acting on paramagnetic oxygen gas has been found to induce gas flows and combustion. This new resear ch area ''magnetoaerodynamics'' is important to control air flows and combustion (II similar to IV). In space shuttle, bubbles cause many tr oublesome problems. The magnetic buoyancy force acting on a bubble was used to transport bubbles in liquid under microgravity environments ( V). The magnetic force acting on a protein supersaturated solution upw ard was found to produce virtual low gravity in it and decrease the nu mber of crystals (VI). Furthermore, magnetic orientation of protein cr ystals was used to study the initial process of crystallization of pro tein crystals, the mechanism of which has not been clarified (VII). Re cently, helium free superconductive magnets have been developed, and i t is easy for a scientist to use strong magnetic fields. Thus, strong magnetic field, specially the virtual gravity, will provide a new envi ronment to synthesize new materials.