The effects of anaesthetics on the nervous system are invariably assoc
iated with endocrine reactions, which are of great importance for the
general characterization of anaesthetics or anaesthetic regimens. In t
his context, the endocrine stress response is mainly represented by ad
renaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin (AD
H), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol.