SMALL VOLUMES OF ENTERAL FEEDINGS NORMALIZE IMMUNE FUNCTION IN INFANTS RECEIVING PARENTERAL-NUTRITION

Background/Purpose: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with a ris k of septicaemia. This may be caused by impairment of immune function related to PN. The authors investigated the effects of the addition of enteral feedings to PN on the immune status of human newborn infants. Methods: Ten surgical infants (age less than 6 months) requiring PN w ere studied in two consecutive phases: (A) after 31.1 +/- 6.0 days (me an +/- SEM) of PN with no enteral feeding (total PN); and (B) after 4. 7 +/- 1.1 days from the addition of small volumes of enteral feeding t o PN. Full blood count and liver function tests were not significantly different between phases A and B. A control group (n = 9) of infants receiving a normal enteral diet was also studied. Host bactericidal ac tivity against coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was measured by an in vitro whole blood model. Bacterial killing was measured after a 45-minute bacterial challenge using the Miles-Misra technique. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) after 2 hours of bacterial challenge. Results: T he lowest level of CNS killing (37.7 +/- 5.2%), was observed in patien ts receiving total PN. This increased significantly after the addition of small enteral feeds (52.0 +/- 4.6%, P<.005) approaching the levels measured in controls (65.1 +/- 3.4%). TNF-alpha production was low du ring total PN (1467 +/- 297 pg/mL) and rose significantly after the ad dition of minimal enteral feeds (4,661 +/- 1,311 pg/mL, P <.05). The i ncrease in CNS killing after the addition of small enteral feeds in pa tients on PN was significantly correlated with the duration of enteral feeding (r = 0.8, P =.006). Conclusions: These results indicate that the introduction of small volumes of enteral feed improve the impaired killing of CNS and the abnormal cytokine response observed during tot al PN. This implies that stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract may modulate immune function in neonates and prevent bacterial infection. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company.