Video-enhanced optical fluorescence microscopy has been used to determ
ine the direction of the transition dipole moment of individual molecu
les. Fast electro-optical switching of the polarization of the excitat
ion allowed us to detect the linear dichroism of single fluorophores i
n solid phospholipid membranes. Quantitative analysis of the fluoresce
nce signal showed that rotational mobility is absent in solid biomembr
anes. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America.