The authors report a rare case of hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle in
a 28-year-old woman, operated for vertebrospinal hydatid cyst. The pat
ient presented with a left iliac fossa mass. Ultrasonography and compu
ted tomography contributed to the preoperative diagnosis, despite nega
tive hydatid serology. A retroperitoneal approach by left lumbotomy wi
th partial pericystectomy was performed. In the light of this case, th
e authors discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic problems raised by hy
datid cyst of the psoas muscle.