As automation becomes more prevalent in complex task systems, operator
s are confronted with a myriad of emergency signals. Although much res
earch has been performed to improve the structure and function of sign
alling systems, it has concerned mainly those stimuli that are presume
d to accurately indicate danger. The current report discusses the gene
ral area of emergency signal failure, its implications for complex tas
k performance, and recommendations for design and research. A general
description of the problem is followed by a review of the applicabilit
y of scientific theory to human behaviour during and following signal
failure, and the authors conclude with recommendations for personnel t
raining and warning signal design and research.