We have used a Monte Carlo program to evaluate the applicability of po
sitron emission tomography to in vivo dosimetry for proton radiotherap
y. The transport program PTRAN was utilized to estimate the distributi
on of positron emitter nuclei produced by proton nuclear inelastic int
eractions in tissue. A comparison of Monte Carlo results with experime
ntal data available in the literature shows that PET can be a useful t
ool in proton radiotherapy especially for in vivo Bragg peak localizat
ion. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.