In Israel, as in most other countries, complementary medicine (CM) is
gaining in popularity. This article provides a critical review of the
field. In particular, it addresses the issues of effectiveness, safety
and costs. For none of these fundamental issues is evidence at presen
t sufficient for forming firm conclusions. Research methodologies in C
M do not, in principle, differ from those in mainstream medicine. In c
ertain instances they may, however, require some adaptation to fit the
special needs of CM. It is concluded that key questions in CM remain
unanswered and research efforts to find these answers should be increa
sed.